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Next HOME • INSIDER • CYPRUS • The widow's pension in EU countries
& nbsp & nbspEleftheria Paizanou & nbsp; & nbsp;
Marriage and cohabitation are not a requirement in six European countries to become a widow. For these countries, it is enough for a couple to live together for many years. In particular, in Spain, Croatia, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia and Finland, long-term cohabitation is recognized without entering into any form of marriage or cohabitation agreement to establish the right to a widow's pension, under certain conditions of cohabitation and the existence of minor children.
The data are included in a research conducted by the Research and Studies Service of the Parliament, at the request of AKEL MP George Koukoumas, who, in view of the review of the pension system in our country, asked to be informed about what is valid in other countries./p>
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In Cyprus, long-term cohabitation is not recognized, but in order to be eligible for a widow's pension, one must have been married for at least five years to a person who has died or had entered into a cohabitation agreement. In our country, a widow's pension is paid to the surviving spouse of an insured person, regardless of the type of insurance (employed, self-employed or optionally insured). Widow's pension is received by the widow who was dependent on the deceased spouse and who lived with him (marriage/cohabitation agreement) or was supported by him until the day of his death. Also, the widow receives a widow's pension, who was dependent on the deceased wife, who passed away on or after January 1, 2018 and lived with her (marriage/cohabitation agreement) or was supported by her until the day of her death.
The six countries
In detail, in the six most progressive European countries that recognize cohabitation and do not require marriage or cohabitation agreement for widowhood, the following applies :
Spain: Long-term cohabitation without marriage or cohabitation agreement is recognized to establish the right to a widow's pension. This right is & nbsp; guaranteed under the condition of uninterrupted cohabitation for at least five years, unless there are joint children, in which case they only have to prove the existence of the unmarried couple. Croatia: The partner of a person who has died without a marriage or cohabitation agreement is considered an informal partner and is entitled to a survivor's pension. To become a beneficiary, the relationship must have existed after March 28, 2008 and have lasted at least three years. The status of the relationship is determined by a court procedure. Family members of an informal life partner are entitled to a survivor's pension if the relationship existed on or after 5 August 2014 and provided that it lasted at least three years. Hungary: Long-term cohabitation is recognized, but in this case the surviving partner is entitled to a widow's pension only if he has lived with his partner continuously for one year and had a child before his death or if he has lived continuously for ten years, under provided he did not receive a widow's pension during this period. Portugal: The bachelor is granted a survivor's pension. According to the legal framework applicable in the country, a survivor is entitled to a person who at the time of the death of the partner lived with him for more than two years in conditions similar to those of the spouses, even without entering into any form of marriage or cohabitation agreement. Slovenia: The right to a widow's pension applies to spouses as well as (subject to the provisions of the law on pensions and invalidity insurance) divorced spouses and persons living in cohabitation or in a registered or unregistered relationship with the deceased. Finland: From 1 January 2022, long-term cohabitation is recognized without entering into any form of marriage or cohabitation agreement to establish the right to a widow's pension. If the deceased died on or after January 1, 2022, a survivor's pension is paid to the partner with whom the deceased was living, subject to conditions. The pension ends as soon as the youngest common child reaches the age of 18.
Data from 17 countries
In the context of the research conducted by the Parliament, it forwarded a questionnaire to the European Center for Parliamentary Research and Documentation (ECPRD), in relation to the criteria that the beneficiaries must meet and the formula applied for the distribution of the widow's pension in cases where the deceased has had more than one marriage.
For the latter issue, in Cyprus the widow's pension is received by the last spouse of the deceased. In fact, the Cypriot Parliament is pending proposals for a law so that there is a formula for distributing the widow's pension to the spouses, depending on the years in which he died, was married or had a cohabitation agreement.
The request of the Parliament for information was answered by 17 member states of the European Union. The relevant data were forwarded by the European Center for Parliamentary Research and Documentation and processed by the Studies Service of the Cypriot Parliament. According to the conclusion of the study of the Parliament, from the data received from the 17 countries, he found that in none of the countries is discrimination based on gender (widow/widow) in the granting of a widow's pension or survivors' pension. However, in Spain, to reduce the gender gap, a pension supplement is given to mothers, with the aim of restoring the prejudice that women suffer throughout their professional careers, mainly due to taking a leading role in the care of their children. Others widow's pension and others survivors' pension
Regarding widow's pension schemes in other Member States, that in several countries, such as Austria, Greece, Spain, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, & nbsp; widowhood pension plans are implemented. In other countries, such as France, Estonia, & nbsp; Italy, Croatia, Poland, Romania and Finland, no special widow's pension has been introduced, but it is granted under certain conditions. That is, a widow or widower can apply for a survivor's pension. This is a monthly allowance that corresponds to a percentage of the pension that the deceased received/would receive and is paid to his or her closest living relatives (eg spouse, minor children, children with disabilities). Both pensions are granted in Portugal.
Different criteria in most countries
According to the findings contained in the study of the Cypriot Parliament, the national social security systems and the criteria that the beneficiaries must meet differ from one Member State to another. Common criteria set by almost all countries are the age of the survivor or the deceased, years of service and contributions.
At the same time, the existence of children, incapacity for work, income, duration of marriage and the cause of death from an accident at work are set as preconditions by several countries. In Finland, for example, there is no minimum age, working time or contributions. However, from 1.1.2022, the beneficiaries born on 1.1.1975 or later, are entitled to the pension for 10 years and those born on 31.12.1974 and previously receive the pension indefinitely. In addition, in some other countries, such as Hungary, Poland, Portugal and Slovakia, the pension is temporary, but can be extended or made permanent under certain conditions.
In Cyprus, in order to & nbsp; be granted a widow's pension, in addition to the criterion of marriage and cohabitation agreement, the relevant insurance conditions must be met. That is, if the spouse had not reached retirement age or if he/she had reached retirement age and was entitled to a statutory pension or would have been entitled to a statutory pension and if he/she had submitted the relevant application.
The study of the Parliament includes data in relation to the formula applied by the EU Member States for the distribution of the widow's pension, in cases where the deceased has had more than one marriage. According to the data analysis, & nbsp; in France, Germany and Spain, in cases where the deceased has had more than one marriage, the pension is divided in proportion to the duration of the marriage.
In In Spain, the pension is granted according to the length of time each beneficiary has lived with the deceased, but with a 40% guarantee in favor of the spouse or surviving beneficiary on the day of death. In Greece, the divorced spouse is entitled to a widow's pension in parallel with the surviving spouse, provided that certain conditions are met, such as e.g. the existence of alimony and the duration of marriage. The divorced spouse receives at least 25% of the deceased's pension and possibly higher if he meets certain criteria. In Hungary and Portugal, on the other hand, the pension is shared equally among the beneficiaries. Finally, in several countries, such as Austria, Greece, Croatia, Poland, Portugal and Finland, the divorced spouse is entitled to a survivor's pension provided that he/she has been granted alimony. >
